The term digital radiology is used to refer to radiology that obtains images directly in digital format without having previously gone through obtaining the image on a radiological film plate. The image is a file in the memory of a computer or a system that is capable of sending it over a network to a server for storage and later use. Digital radiography then uses computational technology and image receivers for the acquisition, observation, enhancement, storage and transfer of the radiographic image. Its essential components include an X-ray machine, a computer with the appropriate hardware, software, an analog-to-digital converter, and a digital sensor or receiver.

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